Mistletoe: Magic, Myths, and Mysteries

It is a hemiparasitic plant, meaning it attaches to the branches of trees and shrubs to extract water and nutrients. Despite its parasitic nature, it also photosynthesizes to produce its own food. It often grows on deciduous trees like oaks, maples, and apple trees, forming a ball of greenery that stands out in winter when the host tree is bare.

For centuries, mistletoe has been a symbol of vitality and fertility. The Druids, ancient Celtic priests, revered it, especially when found growing on oak trees. They believed it had magical properties and used it in rituals to bring good fortune and ward off evil spirits. In Norse mythology, it played a pivotal role in the tale of Baldur, the god of light, whose death was caused by an arrow made from mistletoe.

Historically, mistletoe has been used in herbal medicine. It was believed to cure various ailments, from epilepsy to high blood pressure. Today, scientists are exploring its potential in cancer treatments, though more studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.

Dancing under the mistletoe

The custom of kissing under the mistletoe likely originates from ancient fertility rites. By the 18th century, this practice became a popular feature of Christmas celebrations in England. According to tradition, a man could kiss any woman standing beneath the mistletoe, and refusing a kiss was considered bad luck. Each kiss was accompanied by plucking a berry from the plant; when the berries were gone, the kissing stopped.

Mistletoe has appeared in numerous works of literature and art, often symbolizing romance or mystery. Shakespeare mentioned it in Titus Andronicus, and the plant’s enchanting aura has inspired countless poets and artists over the centuries.

While it is most commonly associated with Christmas in the West, other cultures have their own interpretations. For instance, in French tradition, it is hung as a charm to bring prosperity in the New Year. In some Native American traditions, it was used ceremonially and medicinally. In other cultures, mistletoe was placed under pillows to encourage dreams of future lovers.

Despite its romantic associations, mistletoe is toxic to humans and pets if ingested. The berries and leaves contain viscotoxins, which can cause nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms. This dual nature—harmful yet revered—adds to its mystique.

Mistletoe on trees

Mistle thrush

Interestingly, the seeds are spread by birds, particularly the aptly named mistle thrush. These birds eat the berries and excrete the seeds onto tree branches, where they take root. The plant’s reliance on this unique form of dispersal is a fascinating example of ecological interdependence.

Mistletoe is not as big a presence in Christmas decor these days (it is poisonous after all), so here in Edmonton you’ll only find artificial plants that can be handled safely and hung where you like, without any chance of coming into contact with its toxins. Its rich history and cultural significance make it far more than a decorative holiday plant. Whether admired for its mythical origins, appreciated for its ecological role, or enjoyed as part of festive traditions, it continues to enchant and intrigue. Next time you find yourself under a sprig of mistletoe, consider the many stories and mysteries that have brought this humble plant into the spotlight.

Happy gardening everyone!